Question 1

What is the difference between CTC, gross salary, and net salary in India?

Accepted Answer

CTC (Cost to Company) is the total annual expense for the employer, including basic salary, allowances, employer PF/ESI contributions, gratuity, and benefits. Gross salary is the amount before employee deductions (TDS, employee PF/ESI, professional tax). Net salary (take-home pay) is what the employee actually receives after all deductions. CTC is always highest, followed by gross, then net.

Question 2

How does EPF (Employees' Provident Fund) appear on an Indian payslip?

Accepted Answer

EPF requires both employee and employer to contribute 12% of basic salary plus dearness allowance. The employee's 12% goes entirely to the EPF account, while the employer's 12% is split: 3.67% to EPF and 8.33% to the Employee Pension Scheme (EPS). The payslip typically shows the employee contribution as a deduction and the employer contribution as an informational item.

Question 3

What is Professional Tax on an Indian payslip?

Accepted Answer

Professional Tax is a state-level tax on salaried individuals and professionals, deducted monthly by the employer. Not all states levy it, and rates vary by state (maximum INR 2,500 per year as per constitutional limits). States like Maharashtra, Karnataka, West Bengal, and Andhra Pradesh actively levy it. The amount typically depends on monthly gross salary slabs defined by each state.

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